Triloka
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Triloka (P. tiloka; T. 'jig rten gsum; C. sanjie) is commonly translated as the "three realms" or "three worlds." According to Buswell, this term can refer to either:[1]
- the three realms (Skt. traidhātuka, tridhātu, etc.):
- kāmadhātu (desire realm)
- rūpadhātu (form realm)
- arūpadhātu (formless realm)
- three regions - the regions above the earth, on the surface of the earth or below the earth
Alternate Sanskrit names for the three realms
There are different names for each of the three realms within Buddhst texts.
When referred to as triloka, the three realms are called:
- kāmaloka (desire realm)
- rūpaloka (form realm)
- arūpaloka (formless realm)
When referred to as traidhātuka, tridhātu, etc., the three realms are called:
- kāmadhātu (desire realm)
- rūpadhātu (form realm)
- arūpadhātu (formless realm)
Alternate English translations for triloka
Triloka has been translated as:
- "three worlds,"[2][3][4]
- "three spheres,"[4]
- "three planes of existence,"[5]
- "three realms"[5] and
- "three regions."[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Buswell & Lopez 2014, s.v. triloka[dhātu].
- ↑ Monier-Williams (1899), p. 460, col. 1, entry for "[Tri-]loka" (retrieved at http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/MWScanpdf/mw0460-trimala.pdf) and p. 462, col. 2, entry for "Trailoya" (retrieved at http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/MWScanpdf/mw0462-tripu.pdf).
- ↑ Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 301, entry for "Ti-" (retrieved at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?p.1:129.pali). Here, tiloka is compared with tebhūmaka ("three planes").
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Fischer-Schreiber et al. (1991), p. 230, entry for "Triloka." Here, synonyms for triloka include trailokya and traidhātuka.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Berzin (2008) renders khams-gsum (Wylie; Tibetan) and tridhatu (Sanskrit) as "three planes of existence" and states that it is "[s]ometimes called 'the three realms.'" Tridhatu is a synonym of triloka where dhatu may be rendered as "dimension" or "realm" and loka as "world" or even "planet."
Sources
Buswell, Robert E.; Lopez, Donald S. (2014), The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton University- Berzin, Alexander (March 6, 2008). Berzin Archives Glossary. Retrieved Sunday July 13, 2008 from "Berzin Archives" at http://www.berzinarchives.com/web/en/about/glossary/glossary_tibetan.html.
- Fischer-Schreiber, Ingrid, Franz-Karl Ehrhard, Michael S. Diener and Michael H. Kohn (trans.) (1991). The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen. Boston: Shambhala Publications. ISBN 0-87773-520-4.
- Monier-Williams, Monier (1899, 1964). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-864308-X. Retrieved 2008-07-13 from "Cologne University" at http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/index.php?sfx=pdf.
- Rhys Davids, T.W. & William Stede (eds.) (1921-5). The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English Dictionary. Chipstead: Pali Text Society. Retrieved 2008-07-13 from "U. Chicago" at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/.
External links
- Bullitt, John T. (2005). The Thirty-one Planes of Existence. Retrieved 2007-04-30 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/dhamma/sagga/loka.html.
- 31 Planes of Existence by Bhante Acara Suvanno