Vipaśyin
| Vipaśyin | |
|---|---|
| Sanskrit | Vipaśyin |
| Pāli | Vipassī |
| Information | |
| Preceded by | Puṣya Buddha |
| Succeeded by | Śikhin Buddha |
Vipaśyin (P. Vipassī; T. rnam par gzigs/rnam gzigs; C. piposhi 毘婆尸) was the third to last buddha of the the "glorious eon" (vyūhakalpa), which was the eon that proceeded the current "fortunate eon" (bhadrakalpa).[1][2][3]
This buddha is included in the following lists:
- one of the seven buddhas of antiquity in the early Buddhist texts
- one of the twenty-nine buddhas listed in Buddhavamsa of the Pali tradition
Biography
According to the Buddhavamsa, Vipassī lived 91 kalpas — many millions of years — before the present time.[4][5] In Vipassī's time, the longevity of humans was 84,000 years.
Vipassī was born in Bandhumatī in Khema Park, in present-day India.[6] His family was of the Kshatriya varna, which constituted the ruling and military elite of the Vedic period. His father was Bandhumā the warrior-chief, and his mother was Bandhumatī. His wife was Sutanu, and he had a son named Samavattakkhandha.[6]
Vipassī lived as a householder for 8,000 years in the palaces of Nanda, Sunanda and Sirimā. Upon renouncing his worldly life, he rode out of the palace in a chariot.[6] Vipassī practiced asceticism for eight months before attaining enlightenment under an Ajapāla nigrodha tree.[5] Just prior to achieving buddhahood, he accepted a bowl of milk rice offered by Sudassana-setthi's daughter, and grass for his seat by a guard named Sujâta.
Sources differ as to how long Vipassī lived. He was reported to have died in Sumitta Park, at the age of either 80,000[6] or 100,000 years.[5] His relics were kept in a stupa which was seven yojanas in height, which is roughly equal to 56 miles (90 km).[6]
Teachings
Vipassī preached his first sermon in the Khamamigadâya to 6,800,000 disciples, his second sermon to 100,000 disciples, and his third sermon to 80,000 disciples.[5]
His two foremost male disciples were Khanda and Tissa and his two foremost female disciples were Candâ and Candamittâ. Asoka was his personal assistant. His good donors were Punabbasummitta and Naga in the lay people, Sirimâ and Uttarâ in the lay women. Mendaki (then called Avaroja) built the Gandhakuti (scented pavilion) for him. He did the uposatha once every seven years, and the sangha observed the discipline perfectly.
Notes
- ↑ Buswell & Lopez 2014, s.v. Vipaśyin.
- ↑ Buswell & Lopez 2014, s.v. List of Lists, "seven buddhas [of the past].
- ↑
rnam par gzigs, Christian-Steinert Dictionary
- ↑ Beal, S (1875). "Chapter III: Exciting to religious sentiment". The romantic legend of Sâkya Buddha: from the Chinese-Sanscrit. London: Trubner & Company, Ludgate Hill. pp. 10–17.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Davids, TWR; Davids, R (1878). "The successive bodhisats in the times of the previous Buddhas". Buddhist birth-stories; Jataka tales. The commentarial introduction entitled Nidana-Katha; the story of the lineage. London: George Routledge & Sons. pp. 115–44.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Horner, IB (1975). "The nineteenth chronicle: that of the Lord Vipassin". The Minor Anthologies Of The Pali Canon: Part III: Chronicle Of Buddhas (Buddhavamsa) and Basket Of Conduct (Cariyapitaka). Oxford: Pali Text Society. pp. 74–7. ISBN 086013072X.
Sources
Buswell, Robert E.; Lopez, Donald S. (2014), The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton University
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