FALSE FLAGS - Problem-Reaction-Solution

The Problem-Reaction-Solution (PRS) formula, also known as the Satanic "Order out of Chaos", has been used in some form for thousands of years.(*) The use of this formula by various governments, groups, & individuals is a historical fact & can't be denied. In its basic form, it consists of using a fictional or real event, such a crisis, to bring about radical change. It is usually employed when the change to be brought about is controversial &/or disliked. And it often includes a type of framing called a False Flag Operation.

The online encyclopedia Wikipedia, states, "While false flag operations originate in warfare and government, they also can occur in civilian settings among certain factions, such as businesses, special interest groups, religions, political ideologies and campaigns for office." This formula can be used for political, civilian, religious, or business means. Warfare, crime, terrorism, drugs, the environment, disease, & the economy can all be instruments for crisis creation.

For example, the leadership of country A wants the natural resources of country B. But the leadership of country A realizes that their citizens will oppose an unjust war. So the leadership of country A creates a problem by staging a terror attack against its own military or civilian population. Through the media, the leadership of country A make it abundantly clear that country B is responsible. The people of country A are traumatized & demand justice. So the leadership of country A (seemingly) reluctantly complies, & offers the solution by launching a war against country B. This formula is ancient. Some historical examples follow.

The Great Fire of Rome

On the night of July 19 in the year 64AD a fire broke out in Rome, which burned for a total of nine days & destroyed about two-thirds of the city. Although fires were common in Rome, it is now believed by many that this was deliberately started by a Roman Emperor named Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also known as Nero. Apparently at an earlier date, Nero had petitioned the senate with a plan to demolish one-third of Rome in order to build a series of villas & a lake, which he referred to as Neropolis. PBS noted in an article entitled, The Great Fire of Rome, that "The senate however, objected ardently to this proposal."

Groups of citizens, apparently at the direction of Nero, prevented anyone from putting the fire out, by threatening them with torture. "[S]ome in the population held Nero responsible," noted Wikipedia. "To diffuse blame, Nero targeted the Christians. Christians confessed to the crime, but it is unknown if these were false confessions induced by torture." According to PBS Nero had this religious group "indiscriminately and mercilessly crucified." "During gladiator matches" they wrote, "he would feed Christians to lions, and he often lit his garden parties with the burning carcasses of Christian human torches." After the fire Nero was able to build his Neropolis.

The Reichstag Fire

On the night of Feb. 27, 1933 the Reichstag building was set on fire. The Reichstag was Germany's version of congress or parliament. One month later on March 23rd, The Enabling Act, also known as the "Law to Remedy the Distress of the People and the Nation," was passed by the Reichstag. This was Germany's version of Homeland Security. It suspended most civil liberties outlined in the German constitution as well as habeas corpus. Wikipedia states, "Under the Act, the government had acquired the authority to pass laws without either parliamentary consent or control. Unprecedentedly, these laws could even deviate from the Constitution." This eliminated the Reichstag's participation in the creation of laws & allowed the Nazis to create a legal dictatorship.

Although the fire was blamed on Marinus van der Lubbe, it was later learned that the fire was set with the cooperation of the German government. An online historical archive called, The History Place, states, "Nazi storm troopers under the direction of Göring were also involved in torching the place. They had befriended the arsonist ... [&] even encouraged him to burn the Reichstag that night." "The Reichstag Fire," noted Wikipedia "has been attributed to the government of the newly elected Adolf Hitler by documents obtained by the Allies after the war and testimony of the Nuremberg Trials." This problem, followed by a solution, was apparently done to pave the way for a lawful dictatorship.

Operation Northwoods

One of the most notorious examples of a False Flag Operation, which almost came to fruition, is Operation Northwoods. It is now a documented historical fact that this operation was considered. Wikipedia describes Operation Northwoods, as a "1962 plan by the U.S. Department of Defense to stage acts of simulated or real terrorism on US soil ... and then put the blame of these acts on Cuba in order to generate U.S. public support for military action against the Cuban government. ... [T]he plan ... called for various false flag actions, including simulated or real state-sponsored acts of terrorism ... having real casualties."

On May 1, 2001, ABC News reported in an article called, U.S. Military Wanted to Provoke War With Cuba, that "In the early 1960s, America's top military leaders reportedly drafted plans to kill innocent people and commit acts of terrorism in U.S. cities to create public support for a war against Cuba." An article entitled, U.S. terror plan called Cuba invasion pretext, which appeared in the April 24, 2001 issue of the Baltimore Sun, stated, "U.S. military leaders proposed in 1962 a secret plan to commit terrorist acts against Americans and blame Cuba to create a pretext for invasion... Citing the actual document they wrote, "We could develop a ... terror campaign in the Miami area, in other Florida cities and even in Washington."

The proposal was given to President Kennedy by the head of the Joint Chiefs, General Lyman L. Lemnitzer of the Council on Foreign Relations, who was later denied another term by Kennedy & transferred to another job. "Afraid of a congressional investigation," wrote ABC, "Lemnitzer had ordered all Joint Chiefs documents related to the Bay of Pigs destroyed... But somehow, these remained." The plan was mistakenly discovered & made public on November 18, 1997 by the John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Review Board, which was overseeing the release of government records related to John F. Kennedy's assassination.

The plan specifically called for hijacking a civil airplanes, staging mock attacks &/or sabotage at Guantanamo Bay, blowing up a U.S. ship in Guantanamo Bay, & sinking a ship full of Cuban refuges. All of these things were to be portrayed by the media as having originated from the Cuban government. Also in the document was a plan to wage a "terror campaign in the Miami area, in other Florida cities and even in Washington. ... Exploding a few plastic bombs in carefully chosen spots, the arrest of Cuban agents and the release of prepared documents substantiating Cuban involvement, also would be helpful in projecting the idea," the document states.

The plan, affirmed ABC, included, "sinking boats of Cuban refugees on the high seas, hijacking planes, blowing up a U.S. ship, and even orchestrating violent terrorism in U.S. cities. Quoting from the actual document, the July 2001 issue of Harper's magazine described, "It is [also] possible to create an incident which will demonstrate convincingly that a Cuban aircraft has attacked and shut down a chartered civil airliner en route from the United States to Jamaica, Guatemala, Panama, or Venezuela." "We [also] could blow up a U.S. ship in Guantanamo Bay and blame Cuba," quoted the Sun.

To the left is General Lyman Louis Lemnitzer of the Council on Foreign Relations, who demonstrated psychopathic traits when he attempted to persuade President Kennedy to carry out terrorist attacks against the civilian population in major U.S. cities.(**) The folks at the United Nations were apparently not offended by Lemnitzer's plan (which I'm sure they were aware of), because in 1963 they made him a Supreme Allied Commander of NATO, which is one of the two highest-ranking positions in the multinational military alliance.

ABC described, "The plans were developed as ways to trick the American public and the international community into supporting a war." "The desired result" added Harper's, "would be to place the United States in the apparent position of suffering defensible grievances from a rash and irresponsible Cuban government and to develop an international image of a Cuban threat to peace in the Western Hemisphere." All done in order to, "Commence large-scale U.S. military operations," they wrote. According to ABC News, Operation Northwoods was approved by "all" of the Joint Chiefs of Staff before being presented to President Kennedy.

Journalist James Bamford, author of the book, Body of Secrets, wrote, "Operation Northwoods, which had the written approval of the Chairman and every member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, called for innocent people to be shot on American streets; for boats carrying refugees fleeing Cuba to be sunk on the high seas; for a wave of violent terrorism to be launched in Washington, D.C., Miami, and elsewhere. People would be framed for bombings they did not commit; planes would be hijacked. Using phony evidence, all of it would be blamed on Castro, thus giving Lemnitzer and his cabal the excuse, as well as the public and international backing, they needed to launch their war."

[Footnotes]
* Problem-Reaction-Solution is a term that has been used (& possibly created) by film producer & talk radio host Alex Jones.
** All photos in this series are compliments of the BBC, Wikipedia, & Washington Post.

-Sources-
This formula can be used:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_flag
a fire broke out in Rome: PBS Station, The Great Fire of Rome, http://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/case_rome/
Groups of citizens: Ibid
held Nero responsible: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Rome mercilessly crucified: PBS Station, The Great Fire of Rome
Reichstag building was set on fire: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_flag
One month later: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933
Nazi storm troopers: The History Place, The Reichstag Burns http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/burns.htm
attributed to the government: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_flag
simulated or real terrorism on US soil: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Northwoods
drafted plans to kill innocent people: ABC News, U.S. Military Wanted to Provoke War With Cuba, May 1, 2001, David Ruppe, http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=92662
plan to commit terrorist acts against Americans: Baltimore Sun, U.S. terror plan called Cuba invasion pretext, April 24, 2001, Scott Shane & Tom Bowman, http://web.archive.org/web/20010507171811/www.baltimoresun.com/bal-te.md.nsa24apr24.story
Lemnitzer of the Council on Foreign Relations: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Northwoods; http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/2807/wwcfrjcs.html
Lemnitzer had ordered: ABC News, U.S. Military Wanted to Provoke War With Cuba, May 1, 2001, David Ruppe
made public on November 18: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Northwoods
Also in the document: Ibid
orchestrating violent terrorism in U.S. cities: ABC News, U.S. Military Wanted to Provoke War With Cuba, May 1, 2001, David Ruppe
Quoting from the actual document: Harper's Magazine, The Truth Is Out There, July, 2001, http://web.archive.org/web/20050912001704/http://www.painfuldeceptions.com/Cuba.html
blow up a U.S. ship in Guantanamo Bay: Baltimore Sun, U.S. terror plan called Cuba invasion pretext, April 24, 2001, Scott Shane & Tom Bowman
The folks at the United Nations: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman_Lemnitzer; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander
to trick the American public: ABC News, U.S. Military Wanted to Provoke War With Cuba, May 1, 2001, David Ruppe
The desired result: Harper's Magazine, The Truth Is Out There, July, 2001
approved by "all" of the Joint Chiefs: ABC News, U.S. Military Wanted to Provoke War With Cuba, May 1, 2001, David Ruppe
Journalist James Bamford: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Northwoods

Problem-Reaction-Solution (Part 2)

Other Examples

Other incidents which are believed to have been False Flag Operations using the Problem-Reaction-Solution formula, include:

• The sinking of the USS Maine in 1898 as a pretext for the Spanish-American war.
• The Lusitania was sunk to bring the USA into WW1
• The explosion of Japanese railway cars in 1931, which was done by Japanese officers as an excuse to seize Manchuria, which was occupied by the Chinese.
• During the Gleivitz incident in 1939 German leadership fabricated evidence that they were under attack by Poland as an excuse to invade the country.
• On November 26, 1939 the Soviet Union fired artillery on their own village of Mainila near the Finnish border as an excuse to attack Finland four days later.
• Pearl Harbour was allowed by Stimson to bring the USA into WW2
• In 1954 Israel bombed US & UK interests in Cairo. This was blamed on Egypt to provoke a war between the West & Egypt, & eventually came to be known as the Lavon Affair. Israel took responsibility for this in 2005.
• The attack of two U.S. war ships by North Vietnamese vessels (Gulf of Tonkin Incident) was admitted to have been staged in order to involve the U.S. in the Vietnam War, which resulted in the death of 58,000 troops.

The Oklahoma City Bombing

The Oklahoma City Bombing which occurred at 9:03 AM on April 19, consisted of the destruction of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, which killed 168 people. To the right we see the damaged federal building. The catastrophe was immediately labeled a domestic terrorist act, committed by right-wing extremists & militias. The following is only a brief summary of some major inconsistencies.

After mainstream news reported that multiple unexploded bombs were found in the building, the damage was attributed to a single ANFO bomb, weighing 1200 lbs. Then the FBI increased it to 4000, & finally 4800. An analysis of video footage from mainstream news outlets, such as KWTV-9, KFOR TV-5, & Channel 4 News, clearly reveals that two additional hi-tech bombs were found un-detonated. WorldNetDaily explained, "initial news broadcasts by KWTV-9, KFOR TV-5 and Channel 4 News all feature reports confirmed by state, local and federal officials that a total of three bombs had been placed inside the Murrah building." This confirmation was verified by a Department of Defense Atlantic Command memo, a FEMA Situational Report (SitRep), a U.S. Forces Command log, & an Oklahoma Highway Patrol radio log.

But, continued WorldNetDaily, "Within 24 hours, federal officials ... were saying that the explosion had not occurred within the building itself but instead the damage had been caused by a "car" parked in front of the building, loaded with the ANFO bomb. Soon afterward, the "car" became a Ryder rental truck and the explosives grew in size, to about 4,500 pounds." "Also," described WorldNetDaily, "independent engineers, explosives experts and military analysts conducted studies of the available evidence, many concluding that the government's "single truck-single bomb" explanation was technically impossible." Note the word, "impossible," not unlikely, but literally, "impossible."

On May 15, 1995, in an article entitled, Feds 'Fib' On Oklahoma City Bomb Says Ex-High Level FBI Official, The Spotlight magazine described, "A very high tech ... barometric bomb was the cause of the explosion that destroyed the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City on April 19. ... That is the conclusion of an FBI veteran with 28 years of service." His name, explained the Spotlight, is "Ted L. Gunderson of Santa Monica, California," & he "dismisses as a cover-up U.S. Justice Department claims that a simple bomb, concocted from fertilizer and fuel oil, was responsible for the blast." According to Gunderson, the builders of the bomb, "would need to possess knowledge of research classified at the very highest level."

General Benton K. Partin has a lifetime of explosives experience. He personally delivered a letter entitled, Bomb Damage Analysis Of Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, to 56 members of congress. In his letter he stated, "The media and the Executive branch reported that the sole source of the devastation was a single truck bomb consisting of 4,800 pounds of ammonium nitrate, transported to the location in a Ryder Truck and parked in front of the building." But, says General Partin, "It is impossible that the destruction to the building could have resulted from such a bomb alone. ... The Murrah Federal Building was not destroyed by one sole truck bomb." General Partin described that explosives had to have been placed inside the building at the supporting columns. The general also reported how unfortunate it was that no independent investigation could unfold because the debris was immediately hauled away, & covered in a landfill guarded by wackenhut guards. He urged congress not to rush into passing any "anti-terror" legislation.

"The Partin letter," described Sam Gronning, a licensed professional blaster, "states in very precise technical terms what everyone in the business knows: No truck bomb of ANFO out in the open is going to cause the kind of damage we had there in Oklahoma City. In 30 years of blasting, using everything from 100 percent nitrogel to ANFO, I've not seen anything to support that story." Dr. Frederick Hansen, professor of physics at the University of Oregon has a career which includes professorships in engineering, aeronautics, & chemistry. "I agree with Gen. Partin," he proclaimed. "Everything considered, it is hard to avoid the conclusion that only an explosive detonated right at the column could have sheared it."

On the left is an aerial view of the Murrah Federal Building. Notice the size of the chunk removed from the building in relation to the cars in the area. Explosives experts are convinced that it is impossible for a fertilizer bomb to have caused such damage. "In the case of the OKC Murrah Building, the failure pattern demonstrated to me that individual charges were placed on each of the failed columns inside the building," echoed Dr. Ernest B. Paxson, a U.S. Army explosives engineer, with 30 years of civilian defense-related projects. He continued, "a 4,800 pound ANFO truck bomb ... might blow a hole in the curtain wall closest to the truck, but it would hardly touch the supporting columns of the building."

Samuel Cohen, a physicist & creator of the Neutron Bomb, is also an expert on explosives. In a letter sent to Oklahoma State Representative Charles Key, he wrote, "It would have been absolutely impossible and against the laws of nature for a truck full of fertilizer and fuel oil ... no matter how much was used ... to bring the [Murrah] building down... The damage could not have resulted from a van parked outside. I don't care how fancy an explosive was used." Cohen expressed that it could only have occurred with high-tech explosives placed strategically within the building. "I believe that demolition charges in the building placed at certain key concrete columns ... [did] the primary damage to the Murrah Federal Building."

Multiple employees of the courthouse next to the Murrah building declared that a bomb squad van was in the vicinity as early as 7:30 AM. The occupants of the van, according to witnesses, were wearing dark shirts with white-silver lettering, which read, "Bomb Squad." Why were they there an hour & a half before the explosions? And multiple witnesses reported hearing at least two explosions. Also, during the investigation, the FBI refused to interview these types of key witnesses. Why? In addition, the Oklahoma Daily Gazette obtained hotel receipts which proved that Danny Coulson, the head of the FBI Anti-Terrorism Task Force, checked in to the Embassy Suites Hotel in Oklahoma City at 12:20 AM, on the morning of the bombing. What was the FBI doing there nine hours before the blast?

This tragedy triggered a public outrage, & the Omnibus Counter-Terrorism Bill (S. 390/H.R. 896), was the solution. The Spotlight described, "the leadership of both political parties may be exploiting the outrage and grief of the nation in the aftermath of the tragic bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City by trying to quickly push through Congress a trilogy of Orwellian legislation which threaten to curtail the civil liberties and constitutional rights of Americans. … This will authorize the U.S. military for the first time in our nation's history to counter domestic violence, and will increase surveillance on groups and individuals..." One year later the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA) was singed into law by President Bill Clinton. "Domestic anti-terrorist bills were stalled in Congress before the bombing," added WorldNetDaily, "but sailed through to become law shortly afterward."(*)

[Footnotes]
* A documentary on the cover-up of the Oklahoma City Bombing, entitled Cover Up in Oklahoma, by Jerry Longspaugh, can be downloaded here 330MB MP4. For more information, visit http://www.akdart.com/okc.html; http://www.rense.com/general10/30.htm; http://www.apfn.org/apfn/okc_coverup.htm; http://www.constitution.org/ocbpt/ocbpt.htm

-Sources-
Other incidents: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_flag; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Incident; San Antonio Express-News (Texas), Tonkin Incident Might Not Have Occurred, August 3, 2002, Bob Richter
The Oklahoma City Bombing which: WorldNetDaily, Oklahoma City's lost information, Early accounts differ from today's 'official' explanation of bombing, April 23, 2001, Jon Dougherty, http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=22518
committed by right-wing extremists & militias: Ibid
single ANFO bomb, weighing 1200 lbs: Ibid
This confirmation was verified: Ibid
A very high tech: The Spotlight, Feds 'Fib' On Oklahoma City Bomb Says Ex-High Level FBI Official, May 15, 1995, Mike Blair
General Benton K. Partin has a lifetime: Bomb Damage Analysis Of Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, July 30, 1995, Brigadier Gen. USAF (Ret.), http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/OK/PARTIN/ok2.htm
described Sam Gronning: http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7006/7experts-support.html
Dr. Frederick Hansen: http://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/forum/lofiversion/index.php/t46540.html
In the case of the OKC Murrah Building: Ibid
Samuel Cohen, a physicist & creator: Ibid
Multiple employees of the courthouse: http://www.apfn.org/apfn/hoffman8.htm
hearing at least two explosions: WorldNetDaily, FBI refused 22 eyewitness testimonies, Posted: May 16, 2001, Jon Dougherty
checked in to the Embassy Suites Hotel: WorldNetDaily.com, Hotel receipt shows top terror man showed up 9 hours before blast, January 19, 2002, Jon Dougherty, http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=26115
the leadership of both political parties: The Spotlight, Politicians Push Agenda As Rubble Settles, Spotlight on Congress, May 15, 1995
One year later the Antiterrorism: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiterrorism_and_Effective_Death_Penalty_Act_of_1996
Domestic anti-terrorist bills were stalled: WorldNetDaily, Oklahoma City's lost information, Early accounts differ from today's 'official' explanation of bombing, April 23, 2001, Jon Dougherty

Problem-Reaction-Solution (Part 3)

Russian Apartment Bombings

In the beginning of September 1999 occurred a series of apartment bombings in Russia, which lasted for two weeks & killed almost 300 people. According to the official story told by Russian President Vladimir Putin, & the Federal Security Service (FSB), the bombings were caused by Chechen terrorists. Two men who denied involvement were convicted during a closed trial which was believed to be a charade. The bombings triggered anger by the Russian people which resulted in an invasion of Chechnya. It also made possible Vladimir Putin's smooth ascendance from Prime Minister to the presidency, by portraying him as a savior of the people. The BBC proclaimed, "shortly afterwards Mr Putin launched a second war against Chechnya. The military operation had massive support from a public outraged by the bombings."

During one attempted bombing some residents noticed suspicious activity & phoned the local police who arrived to discover a military-grade explosive in the basement of the building. They setup roadblocks hoping to catch the people matching the description. Upon discovering this, the perpetrators used a public telephone to contact a source, apparently for instructions on how to avoid the roadblocks. When an operator traced the call, it lead directly to the FSB in Moscow. The people who made this call were arrested by the local police.

On March 13, 2004, in an articled called, Secret at the heart of Putin's rise to power, the UK Telegraph wrote, "Shortly afterwards the two men were arrested. ... Each produced documents showing that he worked for the FSB. Later an order came down from Moscow ordering the local police release them." The next day, the head of the FSB announced that the entire operation had merely been a training drill. However, the local police concluded that the working explosive they found was the exact type used in the other bombings. Also, the bombings stopped when the FSB agents were caught.

On the right is a photograph of one of the bombed apartment buildings. The investigation, which resulted in a conviction of Chechens on charges of terrorism, was conducted by the FSB. But no Chechen claimed responsibility. A motion for another investigation was filed by at least one member of the Russian Parliament but was blocked by Putin. Not satisfied with the official report, some citizens formed a private committee to investigate the bombings. The committee was disbanded after multiple deaths ensued. No more investigations were allowed. The bomb found in the apartment was confiscated from the local police by the FSB, & all materials related to the incident were sealed for the next 75 years. Who benefited from these bombings?

Wikipedia states, "These suspicious events led to allegations that the bombings were in fact a "false flag" attack perpetrated by the FSB in order to legitimize the resumption of military activities in Chechnya and bring Vladimir Putin and the FSB to power." [A] growing body of proof has surfaced that links the bombings ... to the FSB," noted the Telegraph. Interestingly, President Vladimir Putin was an FSB chief until August of 1999. "The 1999 bombings," described the UK Telegraph, "proved to be Mr Putin's political making. He positioned himself as a strongman who would crush the Chechen rebels and restore order to the ailing country. ... Now, after winning nearly complete control over parliament in December and installing a loyal new cabinet ... Mr Putin is poised to seal another four years at Russia's helm."

"Former GRU officer Aleksey Galkin ... and other whistleblowers from the Russian government and security services have asserted that the 1999 Russian apartment bombings that precipitated the Second Chechen War were false flag operations," explained Wikipedia "perpetrated by the FSB, the successor organization to the KGB." "Alexander Litvinenko, a former FSB officer, also claimed that [the] apartment bombings were organized by the FSB and the GRU agents in the book Gang from Lubyanka..." On December 29, 2003 the FSB confiscated 5000 copies of this book en route to Moscow from Latvia. On November 1, 2006 Litvinenko fell ill & died three weeks later of acute radiation syndrome. A number of other accidents, deaths, & imprisonments related to an independent investigation of these bombings also occurred.

On March 6, 2002 in an article entitled, Former Ally Links Putin to Moscow Blasts, The London Guardian described how a tycoon named Boris Berezovsky accused Putin of being linked to the bombings. "Mr Putin, who was named prime minister shortly before the bombings after heading the FSB, blamed the attacks on Chechens and used public outrage to justify sending Russian forces into the rebel republic. Presenting himself as a tough war leader, he won the presidential election in 2000," stated the Guardian. Quoting Berezovsky, they wrote, "I am sure the bombings were organised by the FSB. It's not just speculation. It's a clear conclusion."

The BBC added, "He [Berezovsky] also has the backing of a Russian explosives expert, ex-FSB member and former director of the Russian Conversion Explosives Centre, Nikita Chekulin, who says that before the bombings, security services purchased large amounts of the explosive Hexogen, said to have been found at Ryazan. ... The tycoon said that the subsequent campaign in Chechnya aided Mr Putin's rise to power."

-Sources-
In the beginning of September: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_apartment_bombings
Two men who denied involvement: UK Telegraph, Secret at the heart of Putin's rise to power, March 13, 2004, Julius Strauss, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/03/13/wruss13.xml&sSheet=/news/2004/03/13/ixnewstop.html
Mr Putin launched a second war: BBC News, Russian tycoon blames Moscow for blasts, March 6, 2002, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1857060.stm
residents noticed suspicious activity: UK Telegraph, Secret at the heart of Putin's rise to power, March 13, 2004, Julius Strauss
he worked for the FSB: Ibid
the bombings stopped: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_apartment_bombings
resulted in a conviction of Chechens: UK Telegraph, Secret at the heart of Putin's rise to power, March 13, 2004, Julius Strauss
sealed for the next 75 years: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_apartment_bombings
perpetrated by the FSB: Ibid
proved to be Mr Putin's political making: UK Telegraph, Secret at the heart of Putin's rise to power, March 13, 2004, Julius Strauss
Former GRU officer Aleksey Galkin: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_flag
Alexander Litvinenko, a former FSB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_apartment_bombings
5000 copies of this book: Ibid
Litvinenko fell ill & died: Ibid
accused Putin of being linked to the bombings: The Guardian, Former ally links Putin to Moscow blasts, March 6, 2002, Jonathan Steele, Ian Traynor, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/mar/06/russia.iantraynor
backing of a Russian explosives expert: BBC News, Russian tycoon blames Moscow for blasts, March 6, 2002