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Yucatan Before and After the Conquest, by Diego de Landa, tr. William Gates, [1937], at sacred-texts.com


p. 161

Identification of Plant Names mentioned in Landa's text

tixzula: lirio; probably Hymenocallis americana, Jacq. (Molina Solis).

ixlaul: laurel; Stemmadenia insignis, Miers.

nicte: the generic name for Plumerias.

yerbamora or nightshade; pahalcan: Solanum nigrum, L.

doradilla; muchcoc: Selaginella, lapidophylla, Spring.

yaxpahalche: Piper Gaumeri, Trel.

zarzaparilla; coceeh: Smilax mexicana, Griseb.

"kind of hemp": halal? Scirpus validus, Vahl.

ixim: maize; Zea mayz, L.

beans, frijoles; buul: Phaseolus vulgaris, L.

peppers: Capsicum genus.

"root, growing like the turnip . . . is the fruit": chicam?; jícama; Pachyrhizus erosus L.

"root which grows like the turnip, short, fat, and round": chicam, jicama; Pachyrrhizus erosus, L.

"root that grows under the earth"; peanut? Arachis hypogaea, Schlecht, Cham.

"there are two other kinds of good roots they use as food":

   a—iz, camote, sweet potato; Ipomoea batatas L.

   b—maxcal, macal, yam; Dioscorea alata L.

"tree with fruit like round gourds": jícara? luch; Crescentia cujete, L.

"smaller gourds": lac? Lagenaria siceraria, Standl.

"incense tree": pom, copal; Protium copal, Engl.

"handsome tree that grows by wells": yaxche, ceiba; Ceiba pentandra, L.

kulche: cedar; Cedrela mexicana, M. Roemer.

"sort of yellowish tree": ya, sapote; Achras sapota L.

brasil; chacte: Caesalpinia platyloba, Wats.

zoon: Guaiacum sanctum L.

"causes sores": chechem; Metopium Brownei Jacq.

"tree with double thorns": subim, cornezuelo; Acacia Collinsii, Safford.

"use for tying in building": hol; Hibiscus tiliaceus L.

"another . . . of which they make bows and lances": chulul?; Apoplanesia paniculata, Presl.

"for pillows is superior to tow": piim; Ceiba aesculifolia HBK.

"wine-tree which the Indians esteem so highly": balche; Lonchocarpus longistylus, Pittier.

niiche: grapes; Coccoloba uvifera L.

abal: plums; Spondias mombin L., or S. purpurea L.

bananas: platanos; Musa paradisiaca L., or M. sapientum L.

"very large tree that bears a large, longish fruit": chacal haas; Calocarpum mammosum L.

ya: sapote; Achras sapota L.

ox: ramón; Brosimum alicastrum, Sw.

"another (tree) exceedingly beautiful which bears a fruit like large eggs": put, papaya; Carica papaya L.

p. 162

uayam: guaya; Talisia olivaeformis HBK.

pichi: guayava; Psidium guajava L.

on: aguacate; Persea americana, Mill.

"this tree bears a small, tasty, yellow fruit": chucum? Pithecolobium albicans, Kunth.

"there are artichokes that are very spiny and ugly": chacuob, pitahaya; Cereus undatus, Haw.

"small, rather spiny tree bearing a fruit shaped like a slender cucumber": chom? Bromelia karatas L.

"small tree . . . bearing spiny pods like chestnuts": kuxub, achiote; Bixa orellana L.

"one kind (of palm) serves for the thatching of the houses": xaan, huano; Inodes japa, Standl.

"the other is a low, spiny palm": tuk? Acrocomia mexicana, Karw.?

"the other kind (of cotton tree) ... lasts five or six years"; taman; Gossypium barbadense L or G. Schottii Watt, Wild and Cult.


Click to enlarge

_______________________________________

It should be noted that the pronunciation of all Maya words is as in Spanish, with the following exceptions: c is always hard; x is sounded like sh in English, Xiu being like Shu. The letter k and the stop consonants p t ch and tz, when marked by an apostrophe, as p’ t’ ch’ tz’, are preceded by a muscular tension and then sounded explosively, the usual technical term being 'glottal stop.' Thus tz’ sounds to the English ear as if it were dz, and is usually so written in Yucatan, as in the town Dzitás, near Chichén Itzá. The Mayance languages lack our 'sonants' d, hard g, j, z, as also f; Yucatecan Maya also lacks the r. Double vowels are to be sounded as such, with accent on the first.

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Sacred Texts  Native American  Maya  Index  Previous 
Buy this Book at Amazon.com

Yucatan Before and After the Conquest, by Diego de Landa, tr. William Gates, [1937], at sacred-texts.com


p. 161

Identification of Plant Names mentioned in Landa's text

tixzula: lirio; probably Hymenocallis americana, Jacq. (Molina Solis).

ixlaul: laurel; Stemmadenia insignis, Miers.

nicte: the generic name for Plumerias.

yerbamora or nightshade; pahalcan: Solanum nigrum, L.

doradilla; muchcoc: Selaginella, lapidophylla, Spring.

yaxpahalche: Piper Gaumeri, Trel.

zarzaparilla; coceeh: Smilax mexicana, Griseb.

"kind of hemp": halal? Scirpus validus, Vahl.

ixim: maize; Zea mayz, L.

beans, frijoles; buul: Phaseolus vulgaris, L.

peppers: Capsicum genus.

"root, growing like the turnip . . . is the fruit": chicam?; jícama; Pachyrhizus erosus L.

"root which grows like the turnip, short, fat, and round": chicam, jicama; Pachyrrhizus erosus, L.

"root that grows under the earth"; peanut? Arachis hypogaea, Schlecht, Cham.

"there are two other kinds of good roots they use as food":

   a—iz, camote, sweet potato; Ipomoea batatas L.

   b—maxcal, macal, yam; Dioscorea alata L.

"tree with fruit like round gourds": jícara? luch; Crescentia cujete, L.

"smaller gourds": lac? Lagenaria siceraria, Standl.

"incense tree": pom, copal; Protium copal, Engl.

"handsome tree that grows by wells": yaxche, ceiba; Ceiba pentandra, L.

kulche: cedar; Cedrela mexicana, M. Roemer.

"sort of yellowish tree": ya, sapote; Achras sapota L.

brasil; chacte: Caesalpinia platyloba, Wats.

zoon: Guaiacum sanctum L.

"causes sores": chechem; Metopium Brownei Jacq.

"tree with double thorns": subim, cornezuelo; Acacia Collinsii, Safford.

"use for tying in building": hol; Hibiscus tiliaceus L.

"another . . . of which they make bows and lances": chulul?; Apoplanesia paniculata, Presl.

"for pillows is superior to tow": piim; Ceiba aesculifolia HBK.

"wine-tree which the Indians esteem so highly": balche; Lonchocarpus longistylus, Pittier.

niiche: grapes; Coccoloba uvifera L.

abal: plums; Spondias mombin L., or S. purpurea L.

bananas: platanos; Musa paradisiaca L., or M. sapientum L.

"very large tree that bears a large, longish fruit": chacal haas; Calocarpum mammosum L.

ya: sapote; Achras sapota L.

ox: ramón; Brosimum alicastrum, Sw.

"another (tree) exceedingly beautiful which bears a fruit like large eggs": put, papaya; Carica papaya L.

p. 162

uayam: guaya; Talisia olivaeformis HBK.

pichi: guayava; Psidium guajava L.

on: aguacate; Persea americana, Mill.

"this tree bears a small, tasty, yellow fruit": chucum? Pithecolobium albicans, Kunth.

"there are artichokes that are very spiny and ugly": chacuob, pitahaya; Cereus undatus, Haw.

"small, rather spiny tree bearing a fruit shaped like a slender cucumber": chom? Bromelia karatas L.

"small tree . . . bearing spiny pods like chestnuts": kuxub, achiote; Bixa orellana L.

"one kind (of palm) serves for the thatching of the houses": xaan, huano; Inodes japa, Standl.

"the other is a low, spiny palm": tuk? Acrocomia mexicana, Karw.?

"the other kind (of cotton tree) ... lasts five or six years"; taman; Gossypium barbadense L or G. Schottii Watt, Wild and Cult.


Click to enlarge

_______________________________________

It should be noted that the pronunciation of all Maya words is as in Spanish, with the following exceptions: c is always hard; x is sounded like sh in English, Xiu being like Shu. The letter k and the stop consonants p t ch and tz, when marked by an apostrophe, as p’ t’ ch’ tz’, are preceded by a muscular tension and then sounded explosively, the usual technical term being 'glottal stop.' Thus tz’ sounds to the English ear as if it were dz, and is usually so written in Yucatan, as in the town Dzitás, near Chichén Itzá. The Mayance languages lack our 'sonants' d, hard g, j, z, as also f; Yucatecan Maya also lacks the r. Double vowels are to be sounded as such, with accent on the first.

 

SIGN UP!!! CLICK HERE TO GET 52 BOOKS FREE!!

SIGN UP!! FOR BOOKS AND REGULAR ARTICLES

https://againstsatanism.com/Prices.htm

 

HOW TO DEFEAT SATANISM AND LUCIFERIANISM AND BOOST YOUR EVOLUTION THROUGH ENERGY ENHANCEMENT MEDITATION

"I have experience of many forms of meditation and practices for self improvement including: Transcendental meditation (TM) 12 years, Kriya Yoga 9 years, Sushila Buddhi Dharma (SUBUD) 7 years, and more recently the Sedona Method and the Course in Miracles.

The Energy Enhancement programme encapsulates and expands all of these systems, it is complete and no questions are left unanswered."

Jean, NUCLEAR ENGINEER

 

Energy Enhancement Level 0 Super Chi Prana, Power, Strength, Immortality

https://www.energyenhancement.org/LEVEL-Energy-Enhancement-Super-Chi-Immortality-Prana-Meditation-Course.htm

Energy Enhancement Meditation LEVEL 1 Immortality - Activate the Antahkarana! Gain Infinite Energy from the Chakras above the Head - Power UP!! Open Your Third Eye, Gain Super Samadhi Kundalini Alchemical VITRIOL Energy. Ground All Negative Energies. Access Quantum Immortality

https://www.energyenhancement.org/Level1.htm

Energy Enhancement Meditation LEVEL 2 - The Energy Enhancement Seven Step Process to Totally Remove Energy Blockages, Totally Remove All Problems, Totally Remove Negative Emotions, Heal Your DNA, Remove your Karma - OPEN YOUR LIFE!!

https://www.energyenhancement.org/Level2.htm

Energy Enhancement Meditation LEVEL 3 - Eliminate even Deeper Energy Blockages - The Removal of Strategies. Quantum Integration. The Karma Cleaning Process to Totally Eliminate All Your Karma, all your Trauma, all your Energy Blockages from All your Past Lifetimes!!

https://www.energyenhancement.org/Level3.htm

Energy Enhancement Meditation LEVEL 4 - Stop the Suck!! Heal All your Relationships!! Find Your Twin Flame!! MASTER ENERGY CONNECTIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS

https://www.energyenhancement.org/Level4.htm

 

OUR SPECIAL MEDITATION REVOLUTION OFFER!!

WE HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY

WE CAN REMOVE YOUR ENERGY BLOCKAGES, ENTITIES AND DEMONS

WE CAN RE-BUILD YOU..