Pañcavidyā
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pañcavidyā (T. rig gnas che ba lnga; C. wuming 五明), or "five sciences", are five traditional sciences (vidyā) of ancient India which bodhisattvas are said to have mastered.[1] This grouping is also known as pañcavidyāsthāna.[1]
The five sciences are:[2]
- the "science of language" (śabda vidyā; shēng-míng, 聲明);
- the "science of logic" (hetu vidyā; yīn-míng, 因明);
- the "science of medicine" (cikitsā vidyā; yào-míng, 藥明);
- the "science of fine arts and crafts" (śilpa-karma-sthāna vidyā; gōngqiǎo-míng, 工巧明);
- the "inner science" of spirituality (adhyātma vidyā; nèi-míng, 內明) which relates to the study of the Tripiṭaka.
The Mahāyāna-sūtrālamkāra-kārikā states:
- Without becoming a scholar in the five sciences, not even the supreme sage can become omniscient. For the sake of refuting and supporting others, and for the sake of knowing everything himself, he makes an effort in these [five sciences].[3]
A recognised master of all five sciences is afforded the title paṇḍita.
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Robert E. Buswell Jr., Donald S. Lopez Jr., The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism (Princeton: 2014), s.v. pañcavidyā
- ↑ Gold, Jonathan C. (5 June 2008). Dharma's Gatekeepers, The. SUNY Press. p. 15. ISBN 9780791479711. Retrieved 28 April 2019 – via Google Books.
- ↑ The Dharma's Gatekeepers: Sakya Paṇḍita on Buddhist scholarship in Tibet by Jonathan C. Gold. SUNY Press. pg 14[1]
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