Śāṭhya
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Śāṭhya (T. g.yo གཡོ།) is translated as "hypocrisy," "dishonesty," "deception," "guile," "concealment of shortcomings," etc. It is a mental factor that is defined as concealing ones own faults because of a desire for things such as honor and material gain.
It is identified as:
- one of the twenty secondary unwholesome factors within the Abhidharma-samuccaya of the Sanskrit tradition
Definitions
The Khenjuk states:
- Tib. གཡོ་ནི་རྙེད་བཀུར་སོགས་ལ་ཆགས་པས་རང་གི་ཉེས་པ་སྦས་ཏེ་ཉེས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་བའི་སེམས་གྱ་གྱུ་བ་ཆགས་སྡང་གཏི་མུག་གི་ཆར་གཏོགས་པ་སྟེ་ཡང་དག་པའི་གདམས་ངག་རྙེད་པའི་བར་དུ་གཅོད་པའོ།
- Hypocrisy is the deceitful attitude which perpetuates negativity, concealing one's own faults because of the desire for such things as honor and gain. It belongs to the categories of attachment, anger and delusion and obstructs obtaining true instructions.[1]
Science and Philosophy in the Indian Buddhist Classics (Vol. 2) states:
- Associated with attachment or delusion, [guile] is a mental factor that, out of attachment to gain and respect, wants to mislead others and make them unaware of one’s faults. It functions to prevent one from obtaining correct advice. The Compendium of Knowledge says: “What is guile? Associated with attachment and delusion, it is a mental factor that, out of excessive attachment to gain and respect, treats faults as good qualities. It functions to prevent one from obtaining correct advice.”[2]
Alexander Berzin writes:
- Concealment of shortcomings (g.yo) is a part of longing desire (raga) and naivety (moha). Because of excessive attachment to our material gain and the respect we receive, this is the state of mind to hide our shortcomings and faults from others.[3]
References
- ↑ Mipham Rinpoche 2004, s.v. Hypocrisy.
- ↑ Thupten Jinpa 2020, s.v. The twenty secondary mental afflictions.
- ↑ Berzin, s.v. Concealment.
Sources
Berzin, Alexander (ed.), Primary Minds and the 51 Mental Factors, StudyBuddhism
Mipham Rinpoche (2004), Gateway to Knowledge, vol. I, translated by Kunsang, Erik Pema, Rangjung Yeshe Publications- Thupten Jinpa, ed. (2020), Science and Philosophy in the Indian Buddhist Classics, Volume 2: The Mind, translated by Rochard, Dechen; Dunne, John, Wisdom Publications
- Yeshe Gyeltsen (1975), Mind in Buddhist Psychology: A Translation of Ye-shes rgyal-mtshan's "The Necklace of Clear Understanding", translated by Guenther, Herbert V.; Kawamura, Leslie S., Dharma Publishing
External links
g.yo, Rangjung Yeshe Wiki