Catuḥśataka
Catuḥśataka (T. bzhi brgya pa; C. Guang Bai lun ben 廣百論本), or Four Hundred Verses, is a treatise by Aryadeva, who was the main disciple of Nagarjuna. This text covers the main teaching of the Madhyamaka philosophy in sixteen chapters.
Within the Nyingma school of Tibet, it is included among the so-called "Thirteen great texts", which form the core of the curriculum in many Nyingma shedras.
In the East Asian Madhyamaka (Salun) school, the text is counted as part of one of the Three Treatises.[1]
Chapter titles
The text has 16 chapters.[2][3]
- Showing the Method for Rejecting Belief in Permanence (༈ རྟག་པར་འཛིན་པ་སྤང་བའི་ཐབས་)
- Showing the Method for Rejecting Belief in Pleasure (བདེ་བར་འཛིན་པ་སྤང་བའི་ཐབས་)
- Showing the Method for Rejecting Belief in Purity (གཙང་བར་འཛིན་པ་ཕྱིན་ཅི་ལོག་སྤང་བའི་ཐབས་)
- Showing the Method for Rejecting Egotism (བདག་ཏུ་འཛིན་པ་སྤང་བའི་ཐབས་)
- Showing the Acts of a Bodhisattva (བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་སྤྱོད་པ་)
- Showing the Method for Rejecting the Afflictions (ཉོན་མོངས་པ་སྤང་བའི་ཐབས་)
- How to Reject Attachment to the Sensual Pleasures People Desire (མེ་ཉིད་ཀྱིས་འདོད་པའི་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ལ་ཞེན་པ་སྤང་བའི་ཐབས་)
- The Conduct of the Student (སློབ་མ་ཡོངས་སུ་སྦྱང་བ་)
- Showing the Realization of the Refutation of Permanent Things (དངོས་པོ་རྟག་པ་དགག་པ་བསྒོམ་པ་)
- Showing the Realization of the Refutation of the Self (བདག་དགག་པ་བསྒོམ་པ་)
- Showing the Realization of the Refutation of Permanent Time (དུས་དགག་པ་བསྒོམ་པ་)
- Showing the Realization of the Refutation of Speculative Views (ལྟ་བ་དགག་པ་བསྒོམ་པ་)
- Showing the Realization of the Refutation of the Sense Faculties and Their Objects (དབང་པོ་དང་དོན་དགག་པ་བསྒོམ་པ་)
- Showing the Realization of the Refutation of Belief in Extreme Views (མཐར་འཛིན་པ་དགག་པ་བསྒོམ་པ་)
- Showing the Realization of the Refutation of Conditioned Things (འདུས་བྱས་ཀྱི་དོན་དགག་པ་བསྒོམ་པ་)
- Showing the Discussion between the Teacher and his Student (སློབ་དཔོན་དང་སློབ་མ་རྣམ་པར་གཏན་ལ་དབབ་པ།)
Text
Although the text was originally written in Sanskrit, and later translated into Chinese (the last eight chapters only) and Tibetan, only fragments of the Sanskrit text now remain.[2]
Tibetan text
The Tibetan text can be found in the Tengyur, Toh 3865
Chinese translation
The text was translated into Chinese by Xuanzang in approximately 650 CE.[1]
In the East Asian Madhyamaka (Salun) school, the text is counted as part of one of the Three Treatises.[1] In this context:
- [The text] is treated as Āryadeva’s own expansion of his Śataśāstra (C. Bai lun; “One Hundred Treatise”); hence, the Chinese instead translates the title as “Expanded Text on the One Hundred [Verse] Treatise.”[1]
English translations
- Ruth Sonam, Yogic Deeds of Bodhisattvas: Gyel-tsap on Aryadeva's Four Hundred, Snow Lion, 1994, ISBN 978-1559390194
- Karen Lang, Aryadeva's Catuhsataka: On the Bodhisattva's Cultivation of Merit and Knowledge. Copenhaven: Akademisk Forlag, 1986
- Full text (ASCII text format), Archive.org
- Full text (image format), Archive.org
Commentaries
Indian
Chandrakirti wrote a commentary called simply Commentary on the Four Hundred Verses on the Yogic Deeds of Bodhisattvas:
Tibetan
Many Tibetan masters wrote commentaries on this text, including: Khenpo Ngawang Palzang, Pöpa Tulku Dongak Tenpé Nyima, Rendawa Shyönnu Lodrö, Gyaltsab Darma Rinchen and Khenpo Shenga.[3]
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Robert E. Buswell Jr., Donald S. Lopez Jr., The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism (Princeton: 2014), s.v. catuḥśataka
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Karen Lang, Aryadeva's Catuhsataka: On the Bodhisattva's Cultivation of Merit and Knowledge
- ↑ 3.0 3.1
Four Hundred Verses, Rigpa Shedra Wiki
External links
Summary of “Four Hundred Verse Treatise”, StudyBuddhism- Aryadeva's 400 Stanzas, Thubtenchodron.org